{"id":634,"date":"2025-10-29T10:05:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T10:05:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/?p=634"},"modified":"2026-04-28T11:25:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T11:25:43","slug":"spetsifichnite-teshkotii-vo-ucheneto-razbirane-na-nevidlivite-barieri-vo-obrazovanieto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/blog\/spetsifichnite-teshkotii-vo-ucheneto-razbirane-na-nevidlivite-barieri-vo-obrazovanieto\/","title":{"rendered":"Specifick\u00e9 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed: Porozum\u011bn\u00ed neviditeln\u00fdm bari\u00e9r\u00e1m ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk si zaslou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost u\u010dit se, r\u016fst a usp\u011bt. Pro mnoho student\u016f je v\u0161ak u\u010den\u00ed mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee maj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou nebo nadpr\u016fm\u011brnou inteligenci, silnou motivaci a podporuj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tito studenti \u010dasto \u010del\u00ed neviditeln\u00fdm bari\u00e9r\u00e1m, zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako specifick\u00e9 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed (SPU).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Porozum\u011bt SPU nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jen pro u\u010ditele a poradce, ale i pro pracovn\u00edky s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, rodi\u010de a ty, kte\u0159\u00ed rozhoduj\u00ed o podob\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a cht\u011bj\u00ed zajistit inkluzivn\u00ed a spravedliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro v\u0161echny \u017e\u00e1ky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udd0d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Co jsou specifick\u00e9 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specifick\u00e9 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed ozna\u010duj\u00ed skupinu neurologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, jak jednotlivci zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed informace. Naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed se \u201especifick\u00e9\u201c, proto\u017ee obvykle zasahuj\u00ed jen ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti u\u010den\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dten\u00ed, psan\u00ed, matematiku, koordinaci nebo pozornost, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nedot\u010deny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee SPU  nejsou odrazem inteligence. Student s dyslexi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad pot\u00ed\u017ee s plynul\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi kreativn\u00ed nebo m\u00edt siln\u00e9 schopnosti \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my. Tyto odli\u0161nosti ve stylu u\u010den\u00ed jednodu\u0161e vy\u017eaduj\u00ed jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k v\u00fduce a v\u010dasnou podporu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83e\udde0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy SPU<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f specifick\u00fdch poruch u\u010den\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dyslexie - Ovliv\u0148uje \u010dten\u00ed, pravopis a dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed psan\u00e9ho jazyka. Studenti mohou \u010d\u00edst pomalu, pl\u00e9st si p\u00edsmena nebo m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee se zapamatov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u0159ad\u00ed slov.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dyskalkulie - Ovliv\u0148uje porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm, matematick\u00fdm operac\u00edm a abstraktn\u00edm pojm\u016fm. Studenti mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9m se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed aritmetikou, ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dasu nebo odhadov\u00e1n\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dysgrafie - Ovliv\u0148uje rukopis, pravopis a p\u00edsemn\u00fd projev. Studenti mohou ps\u00e1t pomalu, m\u00edt probl\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1dat my\u0161lenky na pap\u00edr nebo m\u00edt ne\u010diteln\u00fd rukopis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dyspraxie (v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 porucha koordinace) - Ovliv\u0148uje jemnou a hrubou motorickou koordinaci, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a prostorovou orientaci. M\u016f\u017ee se projevovat v psan\u00ed rukou, sportu, obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed nebo celkov\u00e9 organizaci pohyb\u016f a my\u0161lenek.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ADHD (porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou) - Zahrnuje obt\u00ed\u017ee se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm, kontrolou impulz\u016f a n\u011bkdy i s hyperaktivitou. ADHD se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat spole\u010dn\u011b s jin\u00fdmi SPU a ovliv\u0148uje schopnost soust\u0159edit se, plnit pokyny nebo z\u016fstat organizovan\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SPU mohou u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka jin\u00e9 symptomy a tak\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee,  a proto je individu\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><strong>\ud83c\udf93 \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0421\u0422\u0423 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e?<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud nejsou v\u010das rozpozn\u00e1ny a \u0159e\u0161eny, mohou SPU  v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvy ve \u0161koln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed  pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- pot\u00ed\u017ee dr\u017eet krok s v\u00fdkladem ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- \u0161patn\u00fd pravopis nebo rukopis<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- probl\u00e9my s organizac\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f a povinnost\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- n\u00edzk\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a strach z ne\u00fasp\u011bchu<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z frustrace \u010di nepochopen\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studenti se SPU jsou \u010dasto nepochopeni. Jejich pot\u00ed\u017ee mohou b\u00fdt myln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za lenost nebo nedostatek snahy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vylou\u010den\u00ed z t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho kolektivu, \u0161patn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu odchodu ze \u0161koly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spr\u00e1vnou podporou v\u0161ak mohou tito studenti vynikat a dokonce prom\u011bnit sv\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti v p\u0159ednosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u23f0 \u0417\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430?<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve je specifick\u00e1 porucha u\u010den\u00ed identifikov\u00e1na, t\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poskytnuta c\u00edlen\u00e1 podpora. Ta m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pl\u00e1ny (IVP)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologie (nap\u0159. p\u0159evod textu na \u0159e\u010d nebo audioknihy)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-upraven\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby hodnocen\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- specializovan\u00e9 v\u00fdukov\u00e9 metody<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed a psychologickou podporu<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>V\u010dasn\u00e1 intervence pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet dlouhodob\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm a emocion\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm a zlep\u0161uje sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, motivaci a \u0161koln\u00ed pokroky \u017e\u00e1ka.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h6><strong>\ud83e\udd1d \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e SkillCompass \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed projekt SkillCompass.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financovan\u00fd z programu Erasmus+, SkillCompass si klade za c\u00edl vybavit pracovn\u00edky s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji a \u0161kolen\u00edm, aby dok\u00e1zali rozpoznat a podpo\u0159it mlad\u00e9 lidi se SPU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Projekt se zam\u011b\u0159uje na:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- vytvo\u0159en\u00ed inkluzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky s 10 digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji pro kari\u00e9rn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- \u0161kolen\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, u\u010ditel\u016f a kari\u00e9rn\u00edch poradc\u016f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">- podporu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed podpory<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SkillCompass si uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee mnoho mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed se SPU bojuje nejen ve \u0161kole, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00ed kari\u00e9ry. Proto projekt jde nad r\u00e1mec akademick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odborn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159ipravit ml\u00e1de\u017e se SPU  na \u017eivot i mimo \u0161koln\u00ed lavice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udcac<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky<\/span><\/h6>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specifick\u00e9 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed jsou \u010dasto neviditeln\u00e9, ale zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9. Ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed nejen to, jak se mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk u\u010d\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 to, jak vn\u00edm\u00e1 s\u00e1m sebe a svou budoucnost. Zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00ed, investicemi do v\u010dasn\u00e9 podpory a budov\u00e1n\u00edm inkluzivn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme odstra\u0148ovat bari\u00e9ry a odemykat potenci\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk si zaslou\u017e\u00ed c\u00edtit se schopn\u00fd, pochopen\u00fd a podporovan\u00fd. D\u00edky projekt\u016fm, jako je SkillCompass, jsme o krok bl\u00ed\u017ee k tomu, aby se tato vize stala skute\u010dnost\u00ed, pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b a na ka\u017ed\u00e9 kari\u00e9rn\u00ed cest\u011b.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0458 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u2013 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u0442\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e (\u0421\u0422\u0423). \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0422\u0423 \u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":426,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuelni","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=634"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1679,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/634\/revisions\/1679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cskill.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}